Kule minyaka embalwa edlule, i-Eswatini ibe ngumbono wokukhula okukhulu kwezinsizakalo zokuboleka imali ngedijithali. Ukuba khona kwama-selfoni phakathi kwabantu bakithi okukhulu, okungama-82% abantu abadala abanawo ama-selfoni, kudale ithuba elihle lokuthi izinhlelo zokusebenza zokuboleka imali ziqhakaze. Lolu shintsho lufaka isandla ekuxazululeni izidingo zemali ezincane ezingafinyeleleki, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwabasebenzi basemkhakheni ongakahleleki abangafinyeleli kalula ezinsizakalweni zebhange ezivamile.
Isimo Samanje Sezimakethe Zokuboleka Imali NgeDijithali Eswatini
Isimo sokuboleka imali ngedijithali e-Eswatini sikhombisa intuthuko esheshayo. Kusukela ngoMandulo 2025, kunezinhlelo zokusebenza zokuboleka imali ezingaba yi-15 ezisebenza ezweni lonke. Lolu shintsho luqhutshwa izinto eziningi:
- Ukusetshenziswa Kwamaselula Okukhulu: Njengoba kushiwo, ama-82% abantu abadala banawo ama-selfoni, okungukukhula okukhulu kusukela kuma-70% ngo-2022. Lokhu kwenza ukufinyelela ezinsizakalweni zedijithali kube lula.
- Ukuvalwa Kwesikhala Sezezimali: Cishe ama-45% abantu abadala abanawo ama-akhawunti asebhange. Izimali ezingenayo ezingakahleleki zikhulisa isidingo semali encane esheshayo.
- Umthamo Wemali Ebolekiwe: Ngo-2024, ababolekisi bedijithali bakhipha imali elinganiselwa ku-E150 million, okukhombisa ukukhula okungama-25% ngonyaka.
- Inani Eliphakathi Lenani Lemalimboleko: Inani eliphakathi lenani lemali ebolekiwe liphakathi kuka-E200 no-E1 500, kanti isikhathi sokukhokha sivamise ukuba yizinsuku ezi-7 kuya kwezingama-30.
Isimo Sokulawula Nezokuvikelwa Kwabathengi
I-Eswatini Financial Services Regulatory Authority (FISRA) yethule umthetho obalulekile wokulawula lo mkhakha. NgoNdasa 2024, i-FISRA yafaka isiqondiso esisha, i-“Digital Credit Services Directive”, esifuna bonke ababolekisi bedijithali ukuthi:
- Bathole ilayisensi yokuboleka imali ngedijithali.
- Banqume amanani enzalo ngonyaka (APR) abe ngaphansi kwama-60%.
- Baveze zonke izimali (imadlana yokuqala, imali yokufika sekwephuze) kusengaphambili.
Ukuphoqelelwa kwalo mthetho sekubonakele, njengoba ngoNhlangulana 2025, abahlinzeki ababili bakhokhiswa inhlawulo ngokuveza izimali zokwelula isikhathi (rollover fees) ezingadalulwanga. Lokhu kukhombisa ukuzibophezela kwe-FISRA ekuvikeleni abathengi.
Izinkampani Ezinkulu Zezinhlelo Zokuboleka Imali Nge-Selfoni Eswatini
Isimakethe sase-Eswatini sinabalingisi abaningi abaphambili nabasafufusa. Nazi ezinye zezinkampani ezibalulekile ezisebenza kulo mkhakha:
- EswaCredit: Lena yinkampani yasendaweni, ebhaliswe e-Eswatini. Inikeza imali ebolekiwe ephakathi kuka-E200 no-E2 000, ngamanani enzalo angama-25% kuya kuma-55% ngonyaka. Inemali yokuqala engama-5% kanye nemali yokufika sekwephuze engu-E20 ngosuku. I-EswaCredit inelayisensi ye-FISRA futhi iyaziwa kakhulu emphakathini wendawo. Ukubhaliswa kwenziwa ngenombolo ye-selfoni, i-ID yasekhaya, nesithombe sakho.
- SwaziLend: Lolu hlelo lokusebenza lubhaliswe eNingizimu Afrika kodwa lusebenza kakhulu e-Eswatini. Lulunikeza imali ephakathi kuka-E300 no-E1 500, ngamanani enzalo angama-30% kuya kuma-50% ngonyaka. Inemali yokuqala engama-4% nemali yokufika sekwephuze engu-E25 ngosuku. I-SwaziLend nayo inelayisensi e-Eswatini futhi yaziwa ngobuchwepheshe bayo obuqinile.
- Cash4You: Ivela eMauritius, i-Cash4You inikeza imali ephakathi kuka-E100 no-E1 000, ngamanani enzalo angama-20% kuya kuma-45% ngonyaka. Inemali yokuqala engama-6% kanye nemali yokufika sekwephuze engu-E15 ngosuku. Nakuba amanani ayo enzalo ephansi, inqubo yokubhalisa ingase ihambe kancane. I-Cash4You inelayisensi, kodwa i-FISRA yayo yeluleka ngamaphutha amancane ekuqinisekiseni ubuwena bekhasimende (KYC).
Ngaphandle kwalokhu, kunezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi ezifana ne-M-Peso Quick Loan, LendMeSwazi, HelloFinance, QuickCash E2, Instaloan SZ, SizweCredit, FastFunds Eswatini, MySwiftLoan, AFC Digital Yebo, ZibuCredit, MicroCash SZ, kanye ne-UmojaFinance. Lezi zinhlelo zokusebenza nazo zinikeza izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezimalimboleko, amanani enzalo, nezindlela zokukhokha.
Amanani Enzalo, Izimali Ezibolekwayo Kanye Nemibandela
Lapho ubheka izinhlelo zokuboleka imali ngedijithali, kubalulekile ukuqonda amanani enzalo, inani lemali ongayiboleka, kanye nemibandela eyahlukahlukene:
- Amanani Enzalo Ngonyaka (APR): Lokhu kuvame ukusuka kuma-20% kuye kuma-60% ngonyaka, kuye ngohlelo lokusebenza nombandela wemalimboleko. Njengoba i-FISRA inqume isilinganiso esiphezulu esingama-60%, kubalulekile ukuthi uziqonde lezi zindleko ngaphambi kokuboleka.
- Izimali Ezibolekwayo: Inani elincane lemali ongaliboleka lingaqala ku-E100, kanti inani eliphezulu lingafinyelela ku-E2 500 kwezinye izinhlelo ezifana ne-HelloFinance. Lawa manani avame ukuhloselwe izidingo zemali ezincane nezesikhashana.
- Isikhathi Sokukhokha (Tenors): Isikhathi esivamile sokukhokha simaphakathi nezinsuku ezi-7 kuya kwezingama-30. Ezinye izinhlelo zingahlinzeka ngezikhathi ezinde kancane.
- Izimali Ezihlukahlukene:
- Imali Yokuqala (Origination Fee): Lena yimali ekhokhwa ekuqaleni kwemalimboleko, evame ukusuka kuma-4% kuye kuma-6% enanini lemali ebolekiwe.
- Imali Yokufika Sekwephuze (Late Fee): Uma ungakhokhi ngesikhathi, ungakhokhiswa imali yokufika sekwephuze, evame ukusuka ku-E15 kuye ku-E25 ngosuku.
- Izimali Zokwelula Isikhathi (Rollover Fees): Ezinye izinhlelo zikuvumela ukuba welule isikhathi sokukhokha, kodwa lokhu kuza nemali eyengeziwe. Kubalulekile ukuthi uqonde lezi zimali ngoba zingaholela ekutheni inani lemali okumele uyikhokhe libe phezulu kakhulu. Izimali zokwelula isikhathi zingafinyelela kuma-10% enanini elingakhokhiwe.
Ukusetshenziswa Kobuchwepheshe Nokuhlanganiswa Kwezimali Zase-Selfoni
Ukuphumelela kwezinhlelo zokuboleka imali ngedijithali e-Eswatini kuxhumene ngqo nokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe besimanje kanye nokuhlanganiswa nezinsizakalo zemali zase-selfoni:
- Ukuhlola Okuzenzakalelayo Kwezikweletu: Izinhlelo zisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokuhlola ukwethembeka kwezikweletu ngokuzenzakalelayo. Lokhu kungenziwa ngokuhlaziya izindlela zokusebenzisa i-airtime, idatha yehhovisi lezikweletu, kanye nedatha ye-selfoni (smartphone metadata). Lokhu kuvumela izinqumo ezisheshayo ngesicelo semalimboleko.
- Ukuqinisekisa Ubuwena Bekhasimende (KYC): Inqubo yokuqinisekisa ubuwena bekhasimende ihlanganisa izinyathelo eziningi ezifana nokudinga inombolo ye-selfoni, i-ID yasekhaya, isithombe sakho (selfie), ukuqinisekisa nge-OTP nge-SMS, noma ngisho nezingcingo zevidiyo. Ezinye izinhlelo zidinga ubufakazi bemali engenayo.
- Izindlela Zokukhokha Nemali: Izimalimboleko zikhishwa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene ukuze zifinyeleleke kalula. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukudlulisa imali nge-selfoni (njenge-M-Pesa, nakuba isivele kancane eMbabane), ukudlulisa imali ebhange, ama-e-wallet, ngisho nabenzeli bokuthatha imali (cash pickup agents) kwezinye izindawo.
Izingozi Nezinkinga Zabathengi
Nakuba izinhlelo zokuboleka imali ngedijithali zenza impilo ibe lula, ziza nezingozi ezithile okufanele abathengi bazi ngazo:
- Amanani Enzalo Aphezulu Nezimadlana Ezifihliwe: Ngaphezu kwamanani enzalo adinga ukucaciswa, ezinye izimali ezifihliwe, ikakhulukazi izimali zokwelula isikhathi, zingakhuphula kakhulu inani lemali okufanele uyikhokhe.
- Ukuba Nezikweletu Eziningi Kakhulu: Ukutholakala kalula kwemalimboleko kanye nokwelulwa kwesikhathi esilula kungaholela ekutheni umuntu abe nezikweletu eziningi kakhulu, okubeka umthwalo omkhulu ezezimalini zakhe.
- Ukukhathazeka Ngobumfihlo Bedatha: Lezi zinhlelo ziqoqa idatha eningi yomuntu siqu. Kubalulekile ukuba uqonde ukuthi idatha yakho isetshenziswa kanjani futhi ivikelwe kanjani.
- Imikhonyovu: Abasebenzisi abangenalayisensi bangase basebenzise amagama afana nawamahle ukuze bakhohlise abathengi. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphe futhi uqinisekise ukuthi ubhekene nomhlinzeki onelayisensi.
Izeluleko Eziwusizo Kubathengi
Ukuze uvikele izimali zakho futhi uboleke ngobuhlakani, landela lezi zeluleko eziwusizo:
- Qhathanisa Amanani Enzalo Nezindleko Zonke: Ngaso sonke isikhathi qhathanisa amanani enzalo ngonyaka (APR) kanye nezindleko zonke phakathi kwabahlinzeki abahlukahlukene ngaphambi kokwenza isinqumo.
- Cela Uhlelo Olugcwele Lwezimali: Cela ukunikezwa uhlelo olugcwele lwazo zonke izimali ezihlobene nemalimboleko ngaphambi kokuyamukela.
- Qinisekisa Ilayisensi Ye-FISRA Yomboleki: Hlala uqinisekisa ukuthi umboleki unelayisensi ye-FISRA kuwebhusayithi yomlawuli. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi usebenza nomhlinzeki olawulwayo nolawulekayo.
- Nciphisa Ukuboleka Kwemalimboleko Eyodwa Ngesikhathi: Gwema ukuboleka imali ezinhlelweni eziningi ngesikhathi esisodwa. Linganisa ukuboleka kwakho kumalimboleko eyodwa esasebenza ngesikhathi.
- Hlola Izilinganiso Nezibuyekezo Ze-Google Play Store: Ngaphambi kokulanda uhlelo lokusebenza, hlola izilinganiso neziwubuyekezo zakamuva ku-Google Play Store ukuze uthole ukuqonda mayelana nokuhlangenwe nakho komsebenzisi nokwethembeka kohlelo lokusebenza.
Izinhlelo zokuboleka imali ngedijithali ziguqula indlela abantu base-Eswatini abafinyelela ngayo emalini, zinikeza isixazululo esisheshayo nesifinyelelekayo ezidingweni zezimali zesikhashana. Nokho, ngalezi zinzuzo kuza nomthwalo wokuboleka ngobuhlakani. Ngokwazi isimo semakethe, ukuqonda amanani enzalo, nokulandela izeluleko zokuphepha, abathengi bangakwazi ukusebenzisa lezi zinsizakalo ngokuzethemba nangokuphepha. Umkhakha kulindeleke ukuthi uqhubeke ukhula, ngokuqwashisa okwengeziwe, ukulawulwa okuqinile, kanye nokugxila kakhudlwana ekufundiseni ngezimali.
